The term was then used to designate organic conditions (afflictions of the cornea and diplopia) and mental disorders (strange noises, premonitions, and appearances Luque and Villagrán, 2000).
Only after the seventeenth/eighteenth centuries have hallucinations acquired a scientific/medical sense. Saint Thomas Aquinas established a difference between normal and false perceptions and argued that a vision ( visio) was a natural phenomenon instigated by God or the devil ( Sarbin and Juhasz, 1967). Saint Augustine, for instance, tried to characterize visions in mystical experiences by distinguishing three meanings for the expression videre (latin word for “to see”): corporal (as in the visual experience of the external world through the senses), imaginative (as in the representation of images and objects that have a temporal but not spatial location), and intellectual (as in abstract concepts that lack a spatial and temporal location Sarbin and Juhasz, 1967). Evidence for similar concepts may be found in Christian authors. It may also have originated from the Latin compound ad lucem (ad- next to lucem-light Barcia, 1903). It may have had origin in the Latin word allucinor, allucinaris, used by Cicero, meaning the intent to mislead or equivocate ( Corominas, 1973). This latter aspect in particular led to the emergence of other related concepts like “pseudohallucination,” “illusion,” and “hallucinosis.” The etymology of the word hallucination is controversial. It is also one of the hardest to define and delimitate from other psychopathological concepts. Hallucination is one of the most relevant symptoms in psychiatry. These and other controversial aspects regarding the evolution of the term hallucination and all its derivative concepts are discussed in this paper. Hallucinosis, first described in the context of alcohol consumption, is generally considered egodystonic, in which insight is preserved.
Illusions are unanimously taken as distortions of real objects. The major characteristics that we found associated with pseudohallucinations were “lack of objectivity” and “presence of insight” (differing from hallucinations). Since its introduction the term pseudohallucination has been used with different meanings. The terms pseudohallucination, illusion, and hallucinosis are grafted into the concept of hallucination. More integrated perspectives like those proposed by Alonso Fernandez and Luque, highlights the heterogeneity of hallucinations and the multiplicity of their types and causes. By the twentieth century, some authors maintain that hallucinations are a form of delusion (Ey), while others describe them as a change in perception (Jaspers, Fish). Esquirol favors the intellectual origin, describing them as an involuntary exercise of memory and imagination. By then, a controversy begins on whether hallucinations have a perceptual or intellectual origin.
However, the term was only fully integrated in psychiatry by Esquirol in the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries. From mid-seventeenth to eighteenth centuries, they acquire a medical quality in mental and organic illnesses. Man is a hostage to the cage of cultural programing and the mass hallucination of the propagandist’s narrative illusion.Prior to the seventeenth century, the experiences we now name hallucinations were valued within a cultural context, they could bring meaning to the subject or the world. Ĭyberspace A consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators, in every nation. Again - this is not a hallucination because the word was pronounced, the voice was similar, and I did not doubt for an instant that my daughter, who was supposed to be in Tobolsk, was talking to me. Yesterday, at the same reading, I suddenly heard a word that sounded like "Papulya". Sometimes you have to more step into their reality and empathize( and) learn a new way to offer assistance without them feeling like they're being treated like a child. As a caregiver, I think one of the challenges is recognizing that we can not use the same skills and interpersonal dynamics that we came to rely on in our relationship with the person with LBD, we have to develop new ones because you can not reason with somebody who is having a hallucination or delusion.
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